(Left) Typical magnitudes of the conductivity perpendicular to the geomagnetic field at noon and midnight for midlatitudes. (Right) The angle between the directions of the current and the electric field (in the frame of reference moving with the conducting medium), both in the plane perpendicular to the geomagnetic field. As viewed along the magnetic field, the direction of the perpendicular current is rotated clockwise from that of the electric field. The conductivity along the magnetic field (not shown) is much larger than the perpendicular conductivity at all heights above 90 km.